Pratik Günlük Almanca
Sevgili arkadaşlar bu da basit
düzeyde Pratik Günlük Almanca hem de sizler
için özel olarak İngilizce anlatımlı
hazırlanmış. Faydalı olacağını umuyorum.
Haydi kolay gelsin!
All the Best!!
Learn German
These
pages provide all the answers to your questions on how best to learn German.
Lesson1
Greetings
This
course starts with the basic German words and sentences, used for greeting and
taking leave of someone. Communication forms the basis of all human relations.
Our relation with others decide which tone, formal or informal, should be used.Here are the words and phrases you will learn in this chapter:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Hello |
Hallo |
|
Good morning |
Guten Morgen |
|
Good evening |
Guten Abend |
|
Good day |
Guten Tag |
|
Good bye/hope to see you soon |
Auf Wiedersehen |
|
How are you? |
Wie gehts? |
|
Bye |
Tschüss |
~~~ Language Note ~~~German can sound a little harsh and aggressive when you first hear it. When
Germans speak English they are often perceived as being rude or perhaps a
little blunt. Why is this? Well, German is a very direct language and when
directly translated into English it gains a rude or blunt edge that isn’t there
in the original German - so don’t get offended, nine times out of ten you’re
not being insulted!!
Lesson2
|
The
chapter, “Useful expressions”, will help us get acquainted with those
common phrases which are required for basic communication like:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
No |
Nein |
|
Yes |
Ja |
|
Thank you |
Danke |
|
No Thanks |
Nein danke |
|
Welcome |
Willkommen |
|
Please |
Bitte |
|
Sorry |
Entschuldigung |
|
Great! |
Toll! |
|
I didnt understand |
Ich verstehe nicht |
~~~ German Cities ~~~There are four cities in Germany with a population of over 1 million. They are:1. Berlin
2. Hamburg
3. München (Munich)
4. Köln (Cologne)
Frankfurt is considered the financial capital of Germany. The European Central
Bank is located in this city.
Lesson3
|
In
this chapter you will learn how to say numbers 0 to 10 in GermanHere are the numbers!
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
0 (Zero) |
Null |
|
1 (One) |
Eins |
|
2 (Two) |
Zwei |
|
3 (Three) |
Drei |
|
4 (Four) |
Vier |
|
5 (Five) |
fünf |
|
6 (Six) |
Sechs |
|
7 (Seven) |
Sieben |
|
8 (Eight) |
Acht |
|
9 (Nine) |
Neun |
|
10 (Ten) |
Zehn |
Lesson4
|
Our
lives revolve around the people we know. But how do we make new friends in
a foreign country? We have to learn their language to know them better
(especially if they do not know our language)In this chapter, “Making friends”, we will learn how to ask questions
and introduce ourselves in German
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
What’s your name? |
Wie heißt |
|
Where do you live? |
Wo wohnst du? |
|
How old are you? |
Wie alt bist du? |
|
My name is (your name) |
Ich heiße (your name) |
|
I come from Holland |
Ich komme aus Holland |
|
I don’t speak English |
Ich spreche kein Englisch |
|
I am 20 years old |
Ich bin 20 Jahre alt |
|
I work for (your company name) |
Ich arbeite bei (your company name) |
~~~ Language note ~~~In both German and English, like almost in every language, the action changes
its form depending on the person who performs it:I - am / Ich - bin
You - are/ Du - bist
He or she - is/ Er or Sie - ist
~~~ About Germany ~~~
National day:
The National Day of Germany is 3rd Oct. On this day Germany was reunited. It
was the day when West Germany and East Germany came together to become Federal
Republic of Germany. Berlin became capital of Germany after the unification.
Lesson5
|
In
this chapter, “My family”, we will learn how to introduce our parents
and our relatives to our friends in German.Here are the important words, you will learn in this chapter:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Family |
Familie |
|
Mother |
Mutter |
|
Father |
Vater |
|
Sister |
Schwester |
|
Brother |
Bruder |
|
Son |
Sohn |
|
Daughter |
Tochter |
|
Children |
Kinder |
|
Husband |
Mann |
|
Wife |
Frau |
|
Relatives |
Verwandte |
In this chapter you will also learn how to-~ Use the word “my” when you talk about a female or a male member of
the family. For example, “my father” is translated into mein
Vater, but “my mother” is translated into meine
Mutter.~ Use Das ist… to express “This is…” and
also “These are…” For example, Das ist mein Kind,
means “This is my child” and Das sind meine Kinder,
means “These are my children”. Therefore, only the action (the verb)
changes from singular into plural: Kind->ist, Kinder->sind.
Lesson6
|
This
chapter presents a list of the general actions(verbs) usually used during
informal conversations. Here are the words you will learn in this chapter:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
to play |
spielen |
|
to speak |
sprechen |
|
to sing |
singen |
|
to cook |
kochen |
|
to travel |
reisen |
|
to swim |
schwimmen |
|
to see |
sehen |
|
to paint |
malen |
|
to walk |
gehen |
|
to drive |
fahren |
|
to hear |
hören |
|
to buy |
kaufen |
|
to read |
lesen |
At the end of the chapter you will find a memory-game. Enjoy!Did you know?
Germany is slightly smaller than the US state of Montana!
~~~ Cultural note ~~~
In Germany, people are very adventurous with cooking. Friends love to meet in
the evening and cook together.
Lesson7
|
This
chapter, “The Calendar”, as the name suggests will teach us how to
say the days of the week, months of the year and the seasons in German.
The days of the week:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Monday |
Montag |
|
Tuesday |
Dienstag |
|
Wednesday |
Mittwoch |
|
Thursday |
Donnerstag |
|
Friday |
Freitag |
|
Saturday |
Samstag |
|
Sunday |
Sonntag |
The 12 months:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Month |
Monate |
|
January |
Januar |
|
February |
Februar |
|
March |
März |
|
April |
April |
|
May |
Mai |
|
June |
Juni |
|
July |
Juli |
|
August |
August |
|
September |
September |
|
October |
Oktober |
|
November |
November |
|
December |
Dezember |
The Seasons:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Season |
Jahreszeiten |
|
Summer |
Sommer |
|
Autumn |
Herbst |
|
Winter |
Winter |
|
Spring |
Frühling |
Important Note:A point to remember here is that ALL months, days of the week and seasons
belong to the masculine gender. Therefore ideally the article “der”
should be used before them. But in daily German, it is not used directly.You will also notice that the pronunciation and spellings of the months and
seasons are similar to that in English. This makes it easier to learn!!
Lesson8
|
In
this chapter we will learn the names of some important colors in German. The
words you will learn in this chapter are:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Colors |
Farben |
|
Black |
schwarz |
|
Green |
grün |
|
Red |
rot |
|
Pink |
rosa |
|
White |
weiß |
|
Yellow |
gelb |
|
Blue |
blau |
|
Brown |
braun |
|
Purple |
violett |
Did you know?New Year’s Eve is the only day when the general public are allowed to burst
crackers!!
Lesson9
|
When
you are in a foreign country, money-related vocabulary is very important to
move around without any problemsHere are the words you will learn in this chapter:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Money |
Geld |
|
Coin |
Münze |
|
Bank account |
konto |
|
Credit card |
Kreditkarte |
|
Cash dispenser |
Geld Automat |
|
Transfer |
Überweisung |
|
Statement of account |
Auszug |
|
Cheque |
Scheck |
|
Payment |
Zahlung |
|
Income |
Gehalt |
|
Cash |
Bar |
|
to deposit money |
Geld einzahlen |
|
Debt |
Schuld |
|
I have no money |
Ich habe kein Geld |
|
I have a lot of money |
Ich habe viel Geld |
In Germany as well as in Austria and Switzerland, the bank staff is very polite
and obliging, so don’t be afraid… Good luck when you talk to the bank-staff!~~~ About Germany ~~~
Money matters:
Germany’s currency is the EURO (pronounced: Oyro). 1 EURO is equivalent to 100
Cent. Euro and foreign currencies, as well as other currencies, can be
exchanged and used in unlimited amounts. You can get cash around-the-clock at
cash machines with an EC card and with international credit cards (American
Express, Visa, Diners Club, Euro Card and MasterCard), which can be used for
payment practically everywhere.
Lesson10
|
German numbers are very easy
to learn. There are some simple rules which need to be followed- and you will
be able to recognise German numbers immediately!Here are some pointers:~ Numbers above 10 are combination words. For example: 14 is 4+10. So it is
vier+zehn = vierzehn! Similarly, 15 is fünf+zehn (5+10)= fünfzehn…Simple
isn’t it?
~ Remember the word zig if you are learning numbers above 19. The same
principle is followed. For instance, 40 is 4+10, so it is vier+zig = vierzig!!
~ Hundred is hundert, you might have noticed that is quite similar to
the English “Hundred”…100 will be einhundert, 200 will be zweihundert
and so on…
~ Now for numbers like 41, how do we say it in German? ein is 1 (we
learnt in the previous chapter) and 40 is Vierzig. So the number is
“1 and 40″— “ein und vierzig” -einundvierzig!!!
~There are some exceptions though. For instance, the number 12 is zwölf
and not “zweizehn” as we might like it to be!!
Now, don’t worry about it too much! We will practise all these points in the
coming questions….
All the Best!!
Lesson11
|
In
this chapter, “Go shopping”, we will get acquainted with one of the
most important aspects of German grammar. Further more in this chapter, we will
find the basic words and sentences needed when you want to buy something.
Actions like “to have”, “to see”, questions like “How
much”, and words like “cheap” and “expensive” are
included.The words you will learn in this chapter are:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Dress |
das Kleid |
|
Purse |
die Tasche |
|
Coat |
der Mantel |
|
Camera |
der Fotoapparat |
|
Boots |
die Stiefel |
|
Book |
das Buch |
|
Picture |
das Bild |
|
Watch |
die Uhr |
|
Flowers |
die Blumen |
|
Toy |
das Spielzeug |
|
Market place |
Marktplatz |
You will also learn sentences like: How much does this cost?: Was Kostet das?
I am looking for the market place: Ich suche den Marktplatz
What do you need? (Formal): Was brauchen Sie?
I would like to pay, please: Ich möechte bitte bezahlenAnd many more…..
~~~ German grammar ~~~
Noun is a word which you can use to refer to a person, a place or thing.
Nouns always start with capital letters.
Nouns in German usually have a determiner (or article “the”), before
it. In German you will find three determiners: der, masculine,
die, feminine, das, neuter.
Every noun in German has a gender- be it a chair or a bag!! We can identify the
gender from the article used before it.
For example, der Tisch (the table) is masculine, die Tasche
(the bag) is feminine, das Haus (the house) is neuter.
At this point there is only one thing to say… You can learn the genders
only by practicing!
Lesson12
|
Time is a very valuable asset
which we must manage well. In Germany, as in other countries, punctuality is
greatly respected.In this chapter, ” Expressing Time”, we will get an idea of how to
specify time to others in German and in the process also learn how to
understand correctly what time and day is being said to us. These questions
will be also useful for us when we are booking hotel rooms or air tickets while
in Germany.~~~ Time zone ~~~
In Germany, clocks are set to Central European time. From the end of March to
the end of October (summertime) they are put forward one hour.
Lesson13
Food and drinks
This
chapter provides the main vocabulary related to German eating-habits. The words you will learn in this chapter are:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Drinks |
die Getränke |
|
Food |
das Essen |
|
Lunch |
das Mitagessen |
|
Supper |
das Abendessen |
|
Breakfast |
das Frühstück |
|
Bread |
das Brot |
|
Butter |
Butter |
|
Gruel |
der Brei |
|
Meat |
das Fleisch |
|
Fish |
der Fisch |
|
Salt |
das Salz |
|
Pepper |
der Pfeffer |
|
Soup |
die Suppe |
|
Potato |
die Kartoffel |
|
Turkey |
die Pute |
|
Cheese |
der Käse |
|
Cake |
der Kuchen |
|
Juice |
das Saft |
|
Water |
das Wasser |
|
Milk |
die Milch |
|
Wine |
der Wein |
|
Beer |
das Bier |
|
Eggs |
die Eier |
~~~ German food
culture ~~~
Traditionally, the main meal of the day is das Mittagessen (the
lunch), eaten around noon. Supper, Abendessen or Abendbrot
(literally: evening-bread) is a smaller meal, sometimes only consisting of a
couple of sandwiches and tea, eaten around 6-7 pm. However, changing working habits have forced this to be changed in recent
decades; Today, it is not uncommon for many Germans to eat their main meal in
the evening.German Cuisine varies from region to region. But all Germans usually prefer
turkey, pork, potato, bread, beer, white wine, sausages, cheese and fish.
Lesson14
We can
meet
Do you want to spend your
holidays with your family being active or do you just want to relax? Or are you
interested in culture and architecture? Whatever, how and with whom you like to
travel - here, in this chapter, you can find all kinds of places that can
enrich your holiday experience. This chapter also prepares us for an important situation in our lives: When we
are going to ask somebody out for a date or are being asked by somebody.Here we will have the chance to revise building easy and relevant sentences.
These questions include new verbs like “to meet” and “to
call”, combined with already familiar vocabulary and structures.
Here are some of the important German words you will learn:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Cinema |
das Kino |
|
Pub |
die Kneipe |
|
City |
die Stadt |
|
Museum |
das Museum |
|
Library |
die Bibliothek |
|
Entrance |
der Eingang |
|
Exit |
der Ausgang |
|
Theatre |
Theatre |
|
Train station |
der Bahnhof |
|
Park |
der Park |
|
Marketplace |
der Marktplatz |
|
Restaurant |
das Restaurant |
|
Airport |
der Flughafen |
|
Harbour |
der Hafen |
|
House |
das Haus |
|
Mall |
das Kaufhaus |
Don’t forget to remember the articles
All the best!!
Lesson15
At the Restaurant
In
Germany, going to a restaurant is a very habitual and enjoying social event. This chapter offers vocabulary and sentences to ask politely for something and
to express your wishes concerning food and beverages.
Here are some of the words you will learn here:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Menu |
die Speisekarte |
|
Bill |
die Rechnung |
|
Appetizer |
die Vorspeise |
|
Tip |
das Trinkgeld |
|
Waiter |
der Ober |
|
Waitress |
die Kellnerin |
And also sentences like:Do you have the menu? : Haben Sie die Speisekarte
Shall we go for lunch? : Gehen wir Mittag essen?And many more…..
~~~ German Food Traditions ~~~
In Germany, you can choose between 300 different types of bread and about 1200
varieties of biscuits and cakes? Such a large variety exists nowhere else in
the world
Try it and enjoy it!
Lesson16
Vacations
In
this chapter, you will find phrases and sentences related to holiday planning. People normally talk extensively about their vacation destinations. In
addition, in every country you will probably find German tourists, even on a
hidden, unknown island!
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Vacations |
Urlaub |
|
Work |
Arbeit |
|
to travel/ to go |
Fahren |
|
Beach |
Strand |
|
Lake |
See |
|
Island |
Insel |
You will also learn sentences like:
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
I am going on a vacation |
Ich fahre in Urlaub |
|
Where are you going on vacations? |
Wohin färst du in Urlaub |
|
I’m travelling to France |
Ich fahre nach Frankreich |
|
I’m not going on vacations |
Ich fahre nicht in Urlaub |
And many more…..
Don’t forget to remember the genders while learning!
Grammar:
All important is the distinction between the questions:
“Where?” (Wo? - location - DATIVE)
and
“Where to?” (Wohin? - direction - ACCUSATIVE)
~~~About Germany~~~
Tourism info:
To enter Germany, foreigners need a valid passport or a back-up pass (on the
planned date of entry to Germany, your passport should have at least another
four months validity). For members of most Western European countries, a valid
ID card is sufficient. Children must accompany their parents and either enter
under their parents passports or using their own identification document. For
citizens of certain countries, a visa is necessary for entry.
Lesson17
Parts of our body
This
chapter will introduce us to German names of the parts of our body. This will
be of special importance if you need to visit a doctor, pharmacist or may be
even a beauty parlour while travelling or residing in Germany!!
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Face |
das Gesicht |
|
Hand |
die Hand |
|
Hair |
das Haare |
|
Legs |
die Beine |
|
Eyes |
die Augen |
|
Ears |
die Ohren |
|
Mouth |
der Mund |
|
Nose |
die Nase |
Keep an eye on the genders while learning!!~~~ Cultural note ~~~Nearly every human society practices or has practiced some type of body
modification in its broadest definition, from Maori tattoos to Victorian
corsets to modern breast implants. In Germany, the traditional hairdresser and
exquisite perfumes are still men’s and women’s best friends. And they are very
expensive!
Lesson18
My home
When
people look for a house or apartment they have to cover special needs according
to the composition of the family, the activities of its members, etc. The chapter also focuses on possible questions and answers you may come across
while you are looking for a room, a house or a flat.Here are some of the words and sentences you might find useful:
|
English |
German |
|
House |
das Haus |
|
Room |
das Zimmer |
|
Apartment |
die Wohnung |
|
Garden |
der Garten |
|
Living room |
das Wohnzimmer |
|
Bedroom |
das Schlafzimmer |
|
Kitchen |
die Küche |
|
Bathroom |
das Badezimmer |
|
Door |
die Tür |
|
Window |
das Fenster |
|
Stairs |
die Treppe |
|
Elevator |
der Aufzug |
|
Basement |
der Keller |
Like in other countries, in Germany the prices depend on the city or town, the
special location, the size and the shape.Cultural note:What is the Bauhaus?
Bauhaus is the common term for the “Staatliches Bauhaus”, an art and
architecture school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933, and for the
approach to design that it developed and taught. The most natural meaning for
its name (related to the German verb for “bauen”, meaning “to
build”) is Architecture House. Bauhaus style became one of the most
influential currents in Modernist architecture.
Lesson19
Describe yourself
You
have already learnt how to refer to your body parts in German. Now you will
learn how to describe yourself in a simple manner!~~~ German Grammar ~~~Nominative and Accusative
What is the subject of a sentence?
The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that is performing the action,
in other words, “doing” the verb. To find the subject, look for the
verb and ask “Who or what is doing?” (substitute the verb for
“doing” — Who or what is singing? Who or what is sleeping?) Subjects
are always in the NOMINATIVE CASE.
What is the direct object of a sentence?
The direct object receives the action of the verb, in other words, to whom the
action is performed. To find the direct object, look for the verb and ask
“Who or what is being verbed?” (as in who or what is being kicked?
Who or what is being read?) Direct objects take the ACCUSATIVE CASE.
Ich liebe dich --- ----- ---- | | | Nom. Verb Acc. (who) (love) (being loved)
Lesson20
Directions and positions
In
this chapter we will learn how to understand when someone shows us the
directions to a place in German. This is very important especially when we are
going to a German speaking region or we end up lost in the beuatiful German
countryside !! We will also, in the process, learn some prepositions. In grammar, a
preposition is a word that establishes a relationship between an object (usually
a phrase that contains a noun) and some other part of the sentence.
Prepositions often express a location in place or time.
For example :
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
on |
auf |
|
near |
an |
|
under |
unter |
|
between |
zwischen |
|
before/front |
vor |
|
behind |
hinter |
|
next |
neben |
Here some other words you will come across…
|
ENGLISH |
GERMAN |
|
Direction |
Richtung |
|
North |
Norden |
|
South |
Süden |
|
East |
Osten |
|
West |
Westen |
|
Straight on |
gerade aus |
|
to the left |
links |
|
to the right |
rechts |
|
Go back/Return |
zurück |
|
up |
oben |
|
down |
unten |
Lesson21
To help
to thank to belong
In past chapters we explained
that the dative case is used to answer the question “wo?” (where
-> location).
Another function of the dative case is to answer the question to whom
(wem?) something is given.
The thing being given may be a tangible object—such as “a book”
(ein Buch) or it may be an abstraction, such as “(to give) help”
(helfen), “(to give) gratitude” (danken), “(to give)
possession” (gehören).TriviaThe name DATIVE is derived from Latin dativus, meaning
“appropriate to giving.”
Lesson22
Framing
sentences
Here we will learn the basics
of using conjunctions in a sentence. For instance: and, but, because,
neither-nor etc. A conjunction can be defined as a part of speech that connects two words,
phrases, or sentences together.Here you will learn how to frame sentences like the following in German:
This is my sister and this is my girlfriend
She can neither swim nor drive
Is this Jan or Mark?
And many more..
After this brief introduction to conjunctions, you will find three questions at
the end of the chapter. You will be asked to link the sentences by yourself.
Good luck!
Lesson23
Quick
revision
The questions in this chapter
is a combination of different topics we have learnt in the previous chapters. Grammar note:
DATIVE-ACUSSATIVE declensions are very significant to understand the function
of certain phrases in the sentence. Therefore, this short exercise has been
introduced to reinforce previous explanations.Depending on the function of nouns and phrases in the sentence, we should be
able to distinguish when, for instance, “der/den Bruder” (the
brother), “ein/einen Bruder” (a brother) are applied.
~~~Cultural note~~~
Like Alliance française or the British Council (for French and English),
the Goethe-Institut (GI) is a German non-profit organisation whose mission is
to promote German language and culture outside of the German-speaking
countries. Its primary concern is teaching German as a second language. The
Goethe-Institut offers scholarships to students from poorer countries who would
be unable to afford tuition fees in Germany. The Goethe-Institut is also a
means of strengthening Germany’s international relations.
How do you say I come from India
in German?
|
|
How do you say We need a bank
in German?
|
|
How do you say Where do you live?
in a formal way in German?
|
|
How do you say
(You people), who are you? in German?
|
|
How do you say We two are married
in German?
|
|
How
do you say I don’t know you in an informal way in German?
|
|
How do you say Where am I? in
German?
|
|
How do you say The cinema is next
to the hotel in German?
|
|
How do you say I understand but I
can’t speak in German?
|
|
How do you say I have no vacations
in German?
|
|
You want to say Who are you?,
how do you say you in this case?
|
|
You want to say I need a car,
how do you say a car in this case?
|
|
You want to say I’ll have the meat,
how do you say the meat in this case?
|
|
You want to say I know you,
how do you say you (informal) in this case?
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You want to say He knows
me, how do you say me in this case?
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You
want to say I’m looking for my brother, how do you say my brother
in this case?
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You
want to say Do you know (my sister, Mr. Stein)?, how do you say do
you know?
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You
want to say I don’t understand him, how do you say him in this
case?
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How do you say Our German is good!
in German?
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